Genesis 8:20-18:28

New International Version

²⁰ Then Noah built an altar to the Lord^(A) and, taking some of all the clean animals and clean^(B) birds, he sacrificed burnt offerings^(C) on it. ²¹ The Lord smelled the pleasing aroma^(D) and said in his heart: “Never again will I curse the ground^(E) because of humans, even though^[a] every inclination of the human heart is evil from childhood.^(F) And never again will I destroy^(G) all living creatures,^(H) as I have done.

God’s Covenant With Noah

9 Then God blessed Noah and his sons, saying to them, “Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the earth.^{(L) 2} The fear and dread of you will fall on all the beasts of the earth, and on all the birds in the sky, on every creature that moves along the ground, and on all the fish in the sea; they are given into your hands.^{(M) 3} Everything that lives and moves about will be food for you.^(N) Just as I gave you the green plants, I now give you everything.^(O)

⁴ “But you must not eat meat that has its lifeblood still in it.^{(P) 5} And for your lifeblood I will surely demand an accounting.^(Q) I will demand an accounting from every animal.^(R) And from each human being, too, I will demand an accounting for the life of another human being.^(S)

⁷ As for you, be fruitful and increase in number; multiply on the earth and increase upon it.”^(V)

⁸ Then God said to Noah and to his sons with him: ⁹ “I now establish my covenant with you^(W) and with your descendants after you ¹⁰ and with every living creature that was with you—the birds, the livestock and all the wild animals, all those that came out of the ark with you—every living creature on earth. ¹¹ I establish my covenant^(X) with you:^(Y) Never again will all life be destroyed by the waters of a flood; never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth.^(Z)”

¹² And God said, “This is the sign of the covenant^(AA) I am making between me and you and every living creature with you, a covenant for all generations to come:^{(AB) 13} I have set my rainbow^(AC) in the clouds, and it will be the sign of the covenant between me and the earth. ¹⁴ Whenever I bring clouds over the earth and the rainbow^(AD) appears in the clouds, ¹⁵ I will remember my covenant^(AE) between me and you and all living creatures of every kind. Never again will the waters become a flood to destroy all life.^{(AF) 16} Whenever the rainbow^(AG) appears in the clouds, I will see it and remember the everlasting covenant^(AH) between God and all living creatures of every kind on the earth.”

¹⁷ So God said to Noah, “This is the sign of the covenant^(AI) I have established between me and all life on the earth.”

The Sons of Noah

¹⁸ The sons of Noah who came out of the ark were Shem, Ham and Japheth.^(AJ) (Ham was the father of Canaan.)^{(AK) 19} These were the three sons of Noah,^(AL) and from them came the people who were scattered over the whole earth.^(AM)

²⁰ Noah, a man of the soil, proceeded^[b] to plant a vineyard. ²¹ When he drank some of its wine,^(AN) he became drunk and lay uncovered inside his tent. ²² Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father naked^(AO) and told his two brothers outside. ²³ But Shem and Japheth took a garment and laid it across their shoulders; then they walked in backward and covered their father’s naked body. Their faces were turned the other way so that they would not see their father naked.

²⁴ When Noah awoke from his wine and found out what his youngest son had done to him, ²⁵ he said,

²⁶ He also said,

²⁸ After the flood Noah lived 350 years. ²⁹ Noah lived a total of 950 years, and then he died.^(AW)

The Table of Nations

10 This is the account^(AX) of Shem, Ham and Japheth,^(AY) Noah’s sons,^(AZ) who themselves had sons after the flood.

The Japhethites^(BA)

The Hamites^(BM)

⁸ Cush was the father^[f] of Nimrod,^(BV) who became a mighty warrior on the earth. ⁹ He was a mighty^(BW) hunter^(BX) before the Lord; that is why it is said, “Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the Lord.” ¹⁰ The first centers of his kingdom were Babylon,^(BY) Uruk,^(BZ) Akkad and Kalneh,^(CA) in^[g] Shinar.^{[h](CB) 11} From that land he went to Assyria,^(CC) where he built Nineveh,^(CD) Rehoboth Ir,^[i] Calah ¹² and Resen, which is between Nineveh and Calah—which is the great city.

Later the Canaanite^(CQ) clans scattered ¹⁹ and the borders of Canaan^(CR) reached from Sidon^(CS) toward Gerar^(CT) as far as Gaza,^(CU) and then toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboyim,^(CV) as far as Lasha.

²⁰ These are the sons of Ham by their clans and languages, in their territories and nations.

The Semites^(CW)

²¹ Sons were also born to Shem, whose older brother was^[k] Japheth; Shem was the ancestor of all the sons of Eber.^(CX)

³⁰ The region where they lived stretched from Mesha toward Sephar, in the eastern hill country.

³¹ These are the sons of Shem by their clans and languages, in their territories and nations.

³² These are the clans of Noah’s sons,^(DH) according to their lines of descent, within their nations. From these the nations spread out over the earth^(DI) after the flood.

The Tower of Babel

11 Now the whole world had one language^(DJ) and a common speech. ² As people moved eastward,^[o] they found a plain in Shinar^[p](DK) and settled there.

³ They said to each other, “Come, let’s make bricks^(DL) and bake them thoroughly.” They used brick instead of stone,^(DM) and tar^(DN) for mortar. ⁴ Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens,^(DO) so that we may make a name^(DP) for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered^(DQ) over the face of the whole earth.”^(DR)

⁵ But the Lord came down^(DS) to see the city and the tower the people were building. ⁶ The Lord said, “If as one people speaking the same language^(DT) they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. ⁷ Come, let us^(DU) go down^(DV) and confuse their language so they will not understand each other.”^(DW)

⁸ So the Lord scattered them from there over all the earth,^(DX) and they stopped building the city. ⁹ That is why it was called Babel^[q](DY)—because there the Lord confused the language^(DZ) of the whole world.^(EA) From there the Lord scattered^(EB) them over the face of the whole earth.

From Shem to Abram^(EC)

¹⁰ This is the account^(ED) of Shem’s family line.

Two years after the flood, when Shem was 100 years old, he became the father^[r] of Arphaxad.^{(EE) 11} And after he became the father of Arphaxad, Shem lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters.

¹² When Arphaxad had lived 35 years, he became the father of Shelah.^{(EF) 13} And after he became the father of Shelah, Arphaxad lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters.^[s]

¹⁴ When Shelah had lived 30 years, he became the father of Eber.^{(EG) 15} And after he became the father of Eber, Shelah lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters.

¹⁶ When Eber had lived 34 years, he became the father of Peleg.^{(EH) 17} And after he became the father of Peleg, Eber lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters.

¹⁸ When Peleg had lived 30 years, he became the father of Reu.^{(EI) 19} And after he became the father of Reu, Peleg lived 209 years and had other sons and daughters.

²⁰ When Reu had lived 32 years, he became the father of Serug.^{(EJ) 21} And after he became the father of Serug, Reu lived 207 years and had other sons and daughters.

²² When Serug had lived 30 years, he became the father of Nahor.^{(EK) 23} And after he became the father of Nahor, Serug lived 200 years and had other sons and daughters.

²⁴ When Nahor had lived 29 years, he became the father of Terah.^{(EL) 25} And after he became the father of Terah, Nahor lived 119 years and had other sons and daughters.

²⁶ After Terah had lived 70 years, he became the father of Abram,^(EM) Nahor^(EN) and Haran.^(EO)

Abram’s Family

²⁷ This is the account^(EP) of Terah’s family line.

Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor^(EQ) and Haran. And Haran became the father of Lot.^{(ER) 28} While his father Terah was still alive, Haran died in Ur of the Chaldeans,^(ES) in the land of his birth. ²⁹ Abram and Nahor^(ET) both married. The name of Abram’s wife was Sarai,^(EU) and the name of Nahor’s wife was Milkah;^(EV) she was the daughter of Haran, the father of both Milkah and Iskah. ³⁰ Now Sarai was childless because she was not able to conceive.^(EW)

³¹ Terah took his son Abram, his grandson Lot^(EX) son of Haran, and his daughter-in-law^(EY) Sarai, the wife of his son Abram, and together they set out from Ur of the Chaldeans^(EZ) to go to Canaan.^(FA) But when they came to Harran,^(FB) they settled there.

³² Terah^(FC) lived 205 years, and he died in Harran.

The Call of Abram

12 The Lord had said to Abram, “Go from your country, your people and your father’s household^(FD) to the land^(FE) I will show you.^(FF)

⁴ So Abram went, as the Lord had told him; and Lot^(FL) went with him. Abram was seventy-five years old^(FM) when he set out from Harran.^{(FN) 5} He took his wife Sarai,^(FO) his nephew Lot, all the possessions they had accumulated^(FP) and the people^(FQ) they had acquired in Harran, and they set out for the land of Canaan,^(FR) and they arrived there.

⁶ Abram traveled through the land^(FS) as far as the site of the great tree of Moreh^(FT) at Shechem.^(FU) At that time the Canaanites^(FV) were in the land. ⁷ The Lord appeared to Abram^(FW) and said, “To your offspring^[v] I will give this land.^(FX)”^(FY) So he built an altar there to the Lord,^(FZ) who had appeared to him.

⁸ From there he went on toward the hills east of Bethel^(GA) and pitched his tent,^(GB) with Bethel on the west and Ai^(GC) on the east. There he built an altar to the Lord and called on the name of the Lord.^(GD)

⁹ Then Abram set out and continued toward the Negev.^(GE)

Abram in Egypt^(GF)

¹⁰ Now there was a famine in the land,^(GG) and Abram went down to Egypt to live there for a while because the famine was severe.^{(GH) 11} As he was about to enter Egypt, he said to his wife Sarai,^(GI) “I know what a beautiful woman^(GJ) you are. ¹² When the Egyptians see you, they will say, ‘This is his wife.’ Then they will kill me but will let you live. ¹³ Say you are my sister,^(GK) so that I will be treated well for your sake and my life will be spared because of you.”

¹⁴ When Abram came to Egypt, the Egyptians saw that Sarai was a very beautiful woman.^{(GL) 15} And when Pharaoh’s officials saw her, they praised her to Pharaoh, and she was taken into his palace. ¹⁶ He treated Abram well for her sake, and Abram acquired sheep and cattle, male and female donkeys, male and female servants, and camels.^(GM)

¹⁷ But the Lord inflicted^(GN) serious diseases on Pharaoh and his household^(GO) because of Abram’s wife Sarai. ¹⁸ So Pharaoh summoned Abram. “What have you done to me?”^(GP) he said. “Why didn’t you tell me she was your wife?^{(GQ) 19} Why did you say, ‘She is my sister,’^(GR) so that I took her to be my wife? Now then, here is your wife. Take her and go!” ²⁰ Then Pharaoh gave orders about Abram to his men, and they sent him on his way, with his wife and everything he had.

Abram and Lot Separate

13 So Abram went up from Egypt^(GS) to the Negev,^(GT) with his wife and everything he had, and Lot^(GU) went with him. ² Abram had become very wealthy^(GV) in livestock^(GW) and in silver and gold.

³ From the Negev^(GX) he went from place to place until he came to Bethel,^(GY) to the place between Bethel and Ai^(GZ) where his tent had been earlier ⁴ and where he had first built an altar.^(HA) There Abram called on the name of the Lord.^(HB)

⁵ Now Lot,^(HC) who was moving about with Abram, also had flocks and herds and tents. ⁶ But the land could not support them while they stayed together, for their possessions were so great that they were not able to stay together.^{(HD) 7} And quarreling^(HE) arose between Abram’s herders and Lot’s. The Canaanites^(HF) and Perizzites^(HG) were also living in the land^(HH) at that time.

⁸ So Abram said to Lot,^(HI) “Let’s not have any quarreling between you and me,^(HJ) or between your herders and mine, for we are close relatives.^{(HK) 9} Is not the whole land before you? Let’s part company. If you go to the left, I’ll go to the right; if you go to the right, I’ll go to the left.”^(HL)

¹⁰ Lot looked around and saw that the whole plain^(HM) of the Jordan toward Zoar^(HN) was well watered, like the garden of the Lord,^(HO) like the land of Egypt.^(HP) (This was before the Lord destroyed Sodom^(HQ) and Gomorrah.)^{(HR) 11} So Lot chose for himself the whole plain of the Jordan and set out toward the east. The two men parted company: ¹² Abram lived in the land of Canaan,^(HS) while Lot^(HT) lived among the cities of the plain^(HU) and pitched his tents near Sodom.^{(HV) 13} Now the people of Sodom^(HW) were wicked and were sinning greatly against the Lord.^(HX)

¹⁴ The Lord said to Abram after Lot had parted from him, “Look around from where you are, to the north and south, to the east and west.^{(HY) 15} All the land that you see I will give to you and your offspring^[w] forever.^{(HZ) 16} I will make your offspring like the dust of the earth, so that if anyone could count the dust, then your offspring could be counted.^{(IA) 17} Go, walk through the length and breadth of the land,^(IB) for I am giving it to you.”^(IC)

¹⁸ So Abram went to live near the great trees of Mamre^(ID) at Hebron,^(IE) where he pitched his tents. There he built an altar to the Lord.^(IF)

Abram Rescues Lot

14 At the time when Amraphel was king of Shinar,^[x](IG) Arioch king of Ellasar, Kedorlaomer^(IH) king of Elam^(II) and Tidal king of Goyim, ² these kings went to war against Bera king of Sodom, Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, Shemeber king of Zeboyim,^(IJ) and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar).^{(IK) 3} All these latter kings joined forces in the Valley of Siddim^(IL) (that is, the Dead Sea Valley^(IM)). ⁴ For twelve years they had been subject to Kedorlaomer,^(IN) but in the thirteenth year they rebelled.

⁵ In the fourteenth year, Kedorlaomer^(IO) and the kings allied with him went out and defeated the Rephaites^(IP) in Ashteroth Karnaim, the Zuzites in Ham, the Emites^(IQ) in Shaveh Kiriathaim ⁶ and the Horites^(IR) in the hill country of Seir,^(IS) as far as El Paran^(IT) near the desert. ⁷ Then they turned back and went to En Mishpat (that is, Kadesh),^(IU) and they conquered the whole territory of the Amalekites,^(IV) as well as the Amorites^(IW) who were living in Hazezon Tamar.^(IX)

⁸ Then the king of Sodom, the king of Gomorrah,^(IY) the king of Admah, the king of Zeboyim^(IZ) and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar)^(JA) marched out and drew up their battle lines in the Valley of Siddim^{(JB) 9} against Kedorlaomer^(JC) king of Elam,^(JD) Tidal king of Goyim, Amraphel king of Shinar and Arioch king of Ellasar—four kings against five. ¹⁰ Now the Valley of Siddim^(JE) was full of tar^(JF) pits, and when the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah^(JG) fled, some of the men fell into them and the rest fled to the hills.^{(JH) 11} The four kings seized all the goods^(JI) of Sodom and Gomorrah and all their food; then they went away. ¹² They also carried off Abram’s nephew Lot^(JJ) and his possessions, since he was living in Sodom.

¹³ A man who had escaped came and reported this to Abram the Hebrew.^(JK) Now Abram was living near the great trees of Mamre^(JL) the Amorite, a brother^[y] of Eshkol^(JM) and Aner, all of whom were allied with Abram. ¹⁴ When Abram heard that his relative^(JN) had been taken captive, he called out the 318 trained^(JO) men born in his household^(JP) and went in pursuit as far as Dan.^{(JQ) 15} During the night Abram divided his men^(JR) to attack them and he routed them, pursuing them as far as Hobah, north of Damascus.^{(JS) 16} He recovered^(JT) all the goods^(JU) and brought back his relative Lot and his possessions, together with the women and the other people.

¹⁷ After Abram returned from defeating Kedorlaomer^(JV) and the kings allied with him, the king of Sodom^(JW) came out to meet him in the Valley of Shaveh (that is, the King’s Valley).^(JX)

¹⁸ Then Melchizedek^(JY) king of Salem^(JZ) brought out bread^(KA) and wine.^(KB) He was priest of God Most High,^{(KC) 19} and he blessed Abram,^(KD) saying,

Then Abram gave him a tenth of everything.^(KH)

²¹ The king of Sodom^(KI) said to Abram, “Give me the people and keep the goods^(KJ) for yourself.”

²² But Abram said to the king of Sodom,^(KK) “With raised hand^(KL) I have sworn an oath to the Lord, God Most High,^(KM) Creator of heaven and earth,^{(KN) 23} that I will accept nothing belonging to you,^(KO) not even a thread or the strap of a sandal, so that you will never be able to say, ‘I made Abram rich.’ ²⁴ I will accept nothing but what my men have eaten and the share that belongs to the men who went with me—to Aner, Eshkol and Mamre.^(KP) Let them have their share.”

The Lord’s Covenant With Abram

15 After this, the word of the Lord came to Abram^(KQ) in a vision:^(KR)

² But Abram said, “Sovereign Lord,^(KV) what can you give me since I remain childless^(KW) and the one who will inherit^[ab] my estate is Eliezer of Damascus?^(KX)” ³ And Abram said, “You have given me no children; so a servant^(KY) in my household^(KZ) will be my heir.”

⁴ Then the word of the Lord came to him: “This man will not be your heir, but a son who is your own flesh and blood will be your heir.^(LA)” ⁵ He took him outside and said, “Look up at the sky and count the stars^(LB)—if indeed you can count them.” Then he said to him, “So shall your offspring^[ac] be.”^(LC)

⁶ Abram believed the Lord, and he credited it to him as righteousness.^(LD)

⁷ He also said to him, “I am the Lord, who brought you out^(LE) of Ur of the Chaldeans^(LF) to give you this land to take possession of it.”^(LG)

⁸ But Abram said, “Sovereign Lord,^(LH) how can I know^(LI) that I will gain possession of it?”^(LJ)

⁹ So the Lord said to him, “Bring me a heifer,^(LK) a goat and a ram, each three years old,^(LL) along with a dove and a young pigeon.^(LM)”

¹⁰ Abram brought all these to him, cut them in two and arranged the halves opposite each other;^(LN) the birds, however, he did not cut in half.^{(LO) 11} Then birds of prey came down on the carcasses,^(LP) but Abram drove them away.

¹² As the sun was setting, Abram fell into a deep sleep,^(LQ) and a thick and dreadful darkness came over him. ¹³ Then the Lord said to him, “Know for certain that for four hundred years^(LR) your descendants will be strangers in a country not their own and that they will be enslaved^(LS) and mistreated there. ¹⁴ But I will punish the nation they serve as slaves, and afterward they will come out^(LT) with great possessions.^{(LU) 15} You, however, will go to your ancestors^(LV) in peace and be buried at a good old age.^{(LW) 16} In the fourth generation^(LX) your descendants will come back here,^(LY) for the sin of the Amorites^(LZ) has not yet reached its full measure.”

¹⁷ When the sun had set and darkness had fallen, a smoking firepot with a blazing torch^(MA) appeared and passed between the pieces.^{(MB) 18} On that day the Lord made a covenant with Abram^(MC) and said, “To your descendants I give this land,^(MD) from the Wadi^[ad] of Egypt^(ME) to the great river, the Euphrates^(MF)— ¹⁹ the land of the Kenites,^(MG) Kenizzites, Kadmonites, ²⁰ Hittites,^(MH) Perizzites,^(MI) Rephaites,^{(MJ) 21} Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites and Jebusites.”^(MK)

Hagar and Ishmael

16 Now Sarai,^(ML) Abram’s wife, had borne him no children.^(MM) But she had an Egyptian slave^(MN) named Hagar;^{(MO) 2} so she said to Abram, “The Lord has kept me from having children.^(MP) Go, sleep with my slave; perhaps I can build a family through her.”^(MQ)

Abram agreed to what Sarai said. ³ So after Abram had been living in Canaan^(MR) ten years,^(MS) Sarai his wife took her Egyptian slave Hagar and gave her to her husband to be his wife. ⁴ He slept with Hagar,^(MT) and she conceived.

When she knew she was pregnant, she began to despise her mistress.^{(MU) 5} Then Sarai said to Abram, “You are responsible for the wrong I am suffering. I put my slave in your arms, and now that she knows she is pregnant, she despises me. May the Lord judge between you and me.”^(MV)

⁶ “Your slave is in your hands,^(MW)” Abram said. “Do with her whatever you think best.” Then Sarai mistreated^(MX) Hagar; so she fled from her.

⁷ The angel of the Lord^(MY) found Hagar near a spring^(MZ) in the desert; it was the spring that is beside the road to Shur.^{(NA) 8} And he said, “Hagar,^(NB) slave of Sarai, where have you come from, and where are you going?”^(NC)

“I’m running away from my mistress Sarai,” she answered.

⁹ Then the angel of the Lord told her, “Go back to your mistress and submit to her.” ¹⁰ The angel added, “I will increase your descendants so much that they will be too numerous to count.”^(ND)

¹¹ The angel of the Lord^(NE) also said to her:

¹³ She gave this name to the Lord who spoke to her: “You are the God who sees me,^(NL)” for she said, “I have now seen^[ag] the One who sees me.”^{(NM) 14} That is why the well^(NN) was called Beer Lahai Roi^[ah];^(NO) it is still there, between Kadesh^(NP) and Bered.

¹⁵ So Hagar^(NQ) bore Abram a son,^(NR) and Abram gave the name Ishmael^(NS) to the son she had borne. ¹⁶ Abram was eighty-six years old^(NT) when Hagar bore him Ishmael.

The Covenant of Circumcision

17 When Abram was ninety-nine years old,^(NU) the Lord appeared to him^(NV) and said, “I am God Almighty^[ai];^(NW) walk before me faithfully and be blameless.^{(NX) 2} Then I will make my covenant between me and you^(NY) and will greatly increase your numbers.”^(NZ)

³ Abram fell facedown,^(OA) and God said to him, ⁴ “As for me, this is my covenant with you:^(OB) You will be the father of many nations.^{(OC) 5} No longer will you be called Abram^[aj]; your name will be Abraham,^[ak](OD) for I have made you a father of many nations.^{(OE) 6} I will make you very fruitful;^(OF) I will make nations of you, and kings will come from you.^{(OG) 7} I will establish my covenant^(OH) as an everlasting covenant^(OI) between me and you and your descendants after you for the generations to come, to be your God^(OJ) and the God of your descendants after you.^{(OK) 8} The whole land of Canaan,^(OL) where you now reside as a foreigner,^(OM) I will give as an everlasting possession to you and your descendants after you;^(ON) and I will be their God.^(OO)”

⁹ Then God said to Abraham, “As for you, you must keep my covenant,^(OP) you and your descendants after you for the generations to come.^{(OQ) 10} This is my covenant with you and your descendants after you, the covenant you are to keep: Every male among you shall be circumcised.^{(OR) 11} You are to undergo circumcision,^(OS) and it will be the sign of the covenant^(OT) between me and you. ¹² For the generations to come^(OU) every male among you who is eight days old must be circumcised,^(OV) including those born in your household or bought with money from a foreigner—those who are not your offspring. ¹³ Whether born in your household or bought with your money, they must be circumcised.^(OW) My covenant in your flesh is to be an everlasting covenant.^{(OX) 14} Any uncircumcised male, who has not been circumcised^(OY) in the flesh, will be cut off from his people;^(OZ) he has broken my covenant.^(PA)”

¹⁵ God also said to Abraham, “As for Sarai^(PB) your wife, you are no longer to call her Sarai; her name will be Sarah.^{(PC) 16} I will bless her and will surely give you a son by her.^(PD) I will bless her so that she will be the mother of nations;^(PE) kings of peoples will come from her.”

¹⁷ Abraham fell facedown;^(PF) he laughed^(PG) and said to himself, “Will a son be born to a man a hundred years old?^(PH) Will Sarah bear a child at the age of ninety?”^{(PI) 18} And Abraham said to God, “If only Ishmael^(PJ) might live under your blessing!”^(PK)

¹⁹ Then God said, “Yes, but your wife Sarah will bear you a son,^(PL) and you will call him Isaac.^[al](PM) I will establish my covenant with him^(PN) as an everlasting covenant^(PO) for his descendants after him. ²⁰ And as for Ishmael, I have heard you: I will surely bless him; I will make him fruitful and will greatly increase his numbers.^(PP) He will be the father of twelve rulers,^(PQ) and I will make him into a great nation.^{(PR) 21} But my covenant^(PS) I will establish with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you^(PT) by this time next year.”^{(PU) 22} When he had finished speaking with Abraham, God went up from him.^(PV)

²³ On that very day Abraham took his son Ishmael and all those born in his household^(PW) or bought with his money, every male in his household, and circumcised them, as God told him.^{(PX) 24} Abraham was ninety-nine years old^(PY) when he was circumcised,^{(PZ) 25} and his son Ishmael^(QA) was thirteen; ²⁶ Abraham and his son Ishmael were both circumcised on that very day. ²⁷ And every male in Abraham’s household^(QB), including those born in his household or bought from a foreigner, was circumcised with him.

The Three Visitors

18 The Lord appeared to Abraham^(QC) near the great trees of Mamre^(QD) while he was sitting at the entrance to his tent^(QE) in the heat of the day. ² Abraham looked up^(QF) and saw three men^(QG) standing nearby. When he saw them, he hurried from the entrance of his tent to meet them and bowed low to the ground.^(QH)

³ He said, “If I have found favor in your eyes,^(QI) my lord,^[am] do not pass your servant^(QJ) by. ⁴ Let a little water be brought, and then you may all wash your feet^(QK) and rest under this tree. ⁵ Let me get you something to eat,^(QL) so you can be refreshed and then go on your way—now that you have come to your servant.”

“Very well,” they answered, “do as you say.”

⁶ So Abraham hurried into the tent to Sarah. “Quick,” he said, “get three seahs^[an] of the finest flour and knead it and bake some bread.”^(QM)

⁷ Then he ran to the herd and selected a choice, tender calf^(QN) and gave it to a servant, who hurried to prepare it. ⁸ He then brought some curds^(QO) and milk^(QP) and the calf that had been prepared, and set these before them.^(QQ) While they ate, he stood near them under a tree.

⁹ “Where is your wife Sarah?”^(QR) they asked him.

“There, in the tent,^(QS)” he said.

¹⁰ Then one of them said, “I will surely return to you about this time next year,^(QT) and Sarah your wife will have a son.”^(QU)

Now Sarah was listening at the entrance to the tent, which was behind him. ¹¹ Abraham and Sarah were already very old,^(QV) and Sarah was past the age of childbearing.^{(QW) 12} So Sarah laughed^(QX) to herself as she thought, “After I am worn out and my lord^(QY) is old, will I now have this pleasure?”

¹³ Then the Lord said to Abraham, “Why did Sarah laugh and say, ‘Will I really have a child, now that I am old?’^{(QZ) 14} Is anything too hard for the Lord?^(RA) I will return to you at the appointed time next year,^(RB) and Sarah will have a son.”^(RC)

¹⁵ Sarah was afraid, so she lied and said, “I did not laugh.”

But he said, “Yes, you did laugh.”

Abraham Pleads for Sodom

¹⁶ When the men^(RD) got up to leave, they looked down toward Sodom, and Abraham walked along with them to see them on their way. ¹⁷ Then the Lord said, “Shall I hide from Abraham^(RE) what I am about to do?^{(RF) 18} Abraham will surely become a great and powerful nation,^(RG) and all nations on earth will be blessed through him.^{[ao] 19} For I have chosen him^(RH), so that he will direct his children^(RI) and his household after him to keep the way of the Lord^(RJ) by doing what is right and just,^(RK) so that the Lord will bring about for Abraham what he has promised him.”^(RL)

²⁰ Then the Lord said, “The outcry against Sodom^(RM) and Gomorrah is so great^(RN) and their sin so grievous^{(RO) 21} that I will go down^(RP) and see if what they have done is as bad as the outcry that has reached me. If not, I will know.”

²² The men^(RQ) turned away and went toward Sodom,^(RR) but Abraham remained standing before the Lord.^{[ap](RS) 23} Then Abraham approached him and said: “Will you sweep away the righteous with the wicked?^{(RT) 24} What if there are fifty righteous people in the city? Will you really sweep it away and not spare^[aq] the place for the sake of the fifty righteous people in it?^{(RU) 25} Far be it from you to do such a thing^(RV)—to kill the righteous with the wicked, treating the righteous^(RW) and the wicked alike.^(RX) Far be it from you! Will not the Judge^(RY) of all the earth do right?”^(RZ)

²⁶ The Lord said, “If I find fifty righteous people in the city of Sodom, I will spare the whole place for their sake.^(SA)”

²⁷ Then Abraham spoke up again: “Now that I have been so bold as to speak to the Lord, though I am nothing but dust and ashes,^{(SB) 28} what if the number of the righteous is five less than fifty? Will you destroy the whole city for lack of five people?”

“If I find forty-five there,” he said, “I will not destroy it.”